課文翻譯

Tow types of components make up the biosphere and its ecosystems: One type, called abiotic, consists of nonliving components such as water,air, nutrients,and solar energy.The other type, called biotic, consists of biological components-plants, animals, and microbes. Figure 3-8 is a greatly simplified diagram of some of the biotic and abiotic components of a terrestrial ecosystem.
Different species and their populations thrive under different physical and chemical conditions. Some need bright sunlight; others flourish in shade. Some need a hot environment;others prefer a cool or cold one.Some do best under wet conditions; others thrive under dry conditions.
Each population in an ecosystem has a range of tolerance to variations in its physical and chemical environment, as showm in Figure 3-9.Individuals within a population may also have slightly different tolerance ranges for temperature or other factors because of small differences in genetic makeup,health, and age.For example, a trout population may do best within a narrow band of temperatures (optimum level or range), but a few individuals can survive above and below that band.Of course,if the water becomes much too hot or too cold,none of the trout can survive.
絲束類型的組成部分彌補生物圈和生態系統：一類被稱為非生物，包括非生命的組成部分，如水源，空氣，養分，和其他類型太陽能能量，所謂的生物，包括生物組成部分，植物，動物，和微生物。圖3-8是一個大大簡化圖的一些生物和非生物組成部分的陸地生態系統。
不同的物種及其種群生存在不同的物理和化學條件。有些需要明亮的陽光下;其他行業蓬勃發展，陰涼處。有些需要熱環境;其他喜歡酷冷的。有些人最好根據濕條件;其他乾燥條件下茁壯成長。
每個人在一個生態系統具有一系列的耐受性的變化及其物理和化學環境，如圖3-9 。個人在一個人口也可能略有不同的容忍範圍，溫度或其他因素，因為小的差異基因構成，健康和年齡。例如，鮭魚做最好的數量可能在一個狹窄的範圍內的溫度（最佳程度或範圍） ，但有幾個能夠生存，上面和下面的地帶。當然，如果水變得太熱或太冷，沒有鱒魚才能生存。